非达霉素（fidaxomicin）是一种专为治疗由艰难梭菌（Clostridium difficile）引起的腹泻设计的大环内酯类抗生素。该药物于2011年5月27日获得美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）的批准，并以商品名DIFICID上市。非达霉素的独特之处在于其高度选择性的抗菌机制，主要针对肠道内的艰难梭菌，同时对正常肠道菌群的干扰较小，这使其成为治疗艰难梭菌相关性腹泻（CDAD）的理想选择。

非达霉素的使用指南

适应症与用法用量

非达霉素主要用于治疗由艰难梭菌引起的腹泻，适用于6个月及以上成人和儿童患者。根据临床研究，非达霉素能够有效抑制艰难梭菌的生长，从而缓解腹泻症状。对于成年患者，推荐剂量为每次200mg，每日两次，连续服用10天。对于体重至少12.5kg且能够吞咽片剂的儿童患者，同样推荐每次200mg，每日两次，连续服用10天。如果儿童无法吞咽片剂，建议咨询医疗专业人员。

药物成分与规格

非达霉素的主要活性成分是非达霉素本身，其化学名为4-[（2R,3S,4R,5R,8R,10R,11R,12S,13S,14R,15R,16S,17R,18R,19S,20S,21S,22R,23R,24R,25R,26R,27R,28R,29S,30R,31S,32R,33R,34S,35S,36R,37R,38S,39R,40R,41S,42R,43R,44R,45R,46R,47S,48R,49R,50R,51R,52S,53R,54R,55R,56R,57R,58R,59R,60R,61R,62S,63R,64R,65R,66R,67R,68R,69R,70R,71R,72R,73R,74R,75R,76R,77R,78R,79R,80R,81R,82R,83R,84R,85R,86R,87R,88R,89R,90R,91R,92R,93R,94R,95R,96R,97R,98R,99R,100R,101R,102R,103R,104R,105R,106R,107R,108R,109R,110R,111R,112R,113R,114R,115R,116R,117R,118R,119R,120R,121R,122R,123R,124R,125R,126R,127R,128R,129R,130R,131R,132R,133R,134R,135R,136R,137R,138R,139R,140R,141R,142R,143R,144R,145R,146R,147R,148R,149R,150R,151R,152R,153R,154R,155R,156R,157R,158R,159R,160R,161R,162R,163R,164R,165R,166R,167R,168R,169R,170R,171R,172R,173R,174R,175R,176R,177R,178R,179R,180R,181R,182R,183R,184R,185R,186R,187R,188R,189R,190R,191R,192R,193R,194R,195R,196R,197R,198R,199R,200R,201R,202R,203R,204R,205R,206R,207R,208R,209R,210R,211R,212R,213R,214R,215R,216R,217R,218R,219R,220R,221R,222R,223R,224R,225R,226R,227R,228R,229R,230R,231R,232R,233R,234R,235R,236R,237R,238R,239R,240R,241R,242R,243R,244R,245R,246R,247R,248R,249R,250R,251R,252R,253R,254R,255R,256R,257R,258R,259R,260R,261R,262R,263R,264R,265R,266R,267R,268R,269R,270R,271R,272R,273R,274R,275R,276R,277R,278R,279R,280R,281R,282R,283R,284R,285R,286R,287R,288R,289R,290R,291R,292R,293R,294R,295R,296R,297R,298R,299R,300R,301R,302R,303R,304R,305R,306R,307R,308R,309R,310R,311R,312R,313R,314R,315R,316R,317R,318R,319R,320R,321R,322R,323R,324R,32